Bible Glide

Exodus 34 Summary, Context, and Full Chapter

Exodus 34 records the renewal of the covenant after Israel's failure with the golden calf. God gives Moses new tablets, reveals His name and character, and restates the terms of life with Him. The chapter moves from mercy to holiness, then closes with Moses returning from Sinai with a radiant face.

What happens in Exodus 34?

The LORD tells Moses to prepare new stone tablets and come up Mount Sinai alone. There God reveals His compassionate, gracious, and forgiving nature, while also making clear that sin will not be ignored. Moses worships and asks God to stay with His people. The LORD then renews the covenant, promising wonders and calling Israel to reject idolatry, keep His feasts, honor the Sabbath, and bring firstfruits. After forty days with God, Moses comes down with the covenant words written on the tablets, and his shining face shows the weight of his encounter with the LORD.

This chapter follows Israel's sin with the golden calf in Exodus 32 and Moses' intercession in Exodus 33. It answers the question of whether God will continue with His people after their rebellion. Exodus 34 becomes a key covenant renewal chapter, restating God's ways, Israel's calling, and the central place of worship and obedience in their life as His people.

  • God's mercy and justiceThe LORD reveals a character that is full of compassion and forgiveness but also serious about sin.
  • Covenant renewalGod reestablishes His bond with Israel and gives clear commands for life under His covenant.
  • Holiness and worshipIsrael must reject idols, keep holy days, and bring honest devotion to the LORD alone.
  • What does God's self-description in this chapter teach about His character?
  • Why does the LORD repeat so many commands as part of renewing the covenant?
  • What might Moses' radiant face have meant for the Israelites?

Read the full text of Exodus 34 below, then open it in the reader to highlight, take notes, or ask follow-up Bible questions. No account is required to read.

Exodus 34

New Stone Tablets

1Then the LORD said to Moses, “Chisel out two stone tablets like the originals, and I will write on them the words that were on the first tablets, which you broke.2Be ready in the morning, and come up on Mount Sinai to present yourself before Me on the mountaintop.3No one may go up with you; in fact, no one may be seen anywhere on the mountain—not even the flocks or herds may graze in front of the mountain.”

4So Moses chiseled out two stone tablets like the originals. He rose early in the morning, and taking the two stone tablets in his hands, he went up Mount Sinai as the LORD had commanded him.5And the LORD descended in a cloud, stood with him there, and proclaimed His name, the LORD.

6Then the LORD passed in front of Moses and called out:

“The LORD, the LORD God,

is compassionate and gracious,

slow to anger,

abounding in loving devotion and faithfulness,

7maintaining loving devotion to a thousand generations,

forgiving iniquity, transgression, and sin.

Yet He will by no means leave the guilty unpunished;

He will visit the iniquity of the fathers

on their children and grandchildren

to the third and fourth generations.”

8Moses immediately bowed down to the ground and worshiped.9“O Lord,” he said, “if I have indeed found favor in Your sight, my Lord, please go with us. Although this is a stiff-necked people, forgive our iniquity and sin, and take us as Your inheritance.”

The LORD Renews the Covenant

10And the LORD said, “Behold, I am making a covenant. Before all your people I will perform wonders that have never been done in any nation in all the world. All the people among whom you live will see the LORD’s work, for it is an awesome thing that I am doing with you.11Observe what I command you this day. I will drive out before you the Amorites, Canaanites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites.12Be careful not to make a treaty with the inhabitants of the land you are entering, lest they become a snare in your midst.13Rather, you must tear down their altars, smash their sacred stones, and chop down their Asherah poles.14For you must not worship any other god, for the LORD, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God.

15Do not make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land, for when they prostitute themselves to their gods and sacrifice to them, they will invite you, and you will eat their sacrifices.16And when you take some of their daughters as brides for your sons, their daughters will prostitute themselves to their gods and cause your sons to do the same.

17You shall make no molten gods for yourselves.

18You are to keep the Feast of Unleavened Bread. For seven days at the appointed time in the month of Abib, you are to eat unleavened bread as I commanded you. For in the month of Abib you came out of Egypt.

19The first offspring of every womb belongs to Me, including all the firstborn males among your livestock, whether cattle or sheep.20You must redeem the firstborn of a donkey with a lamb; but if you do not redeem it, you are to break its neck. You must redeem all the firstborn of your sons. No one shall appear before Me empty-handed.

21Six days you shall labor, but on the seventh day you shall rest; even in the seasons of plowing and harvesting, you must rest.

22And you are to celebrate the Feast of Weeks with the firstfruits of the wheat harvest, and the Feast of Ingathering at the turn of the year.23Three times a year all your males are to appear before the Lord GOD, the God of Israel.24For I will drive out the nations before you and enlarge your borders, and no one will covet your land when you go up three times a year to appear before the LORD your God.

25Do not offer the blood of a sacrifice to Me along with anything leavened, and do not let any of the sacrifice from the Passover Feast remain until morning.

26Bring the best of the firstfruits of your soil to the house of the LORD your God. You must not cook a young goat in its mother’s milk.”

27The LORD also said to Moses, “Write down these words, for in accordance with these words I have made a covenant with you and with Israel.”

28So Moses was there with the LORD forty days and forty nights without eating bread or drinking water. He wrote on the tablets the words of the covenant—the Ten Commandments.

29And when Moses came down from Mount Sinai with the two tablets of the Testimony in his hands, he was unaware that his face had become radiant from speaking with the LORD.30Aaron and all the Israelites looked at Moses, and behold, his face was radiant. And they were afraid to approach him.31But Moses called out to them; so Aaron and all the leaders of the congregation returned to him, and Moses spoke to them.32And after this all the Israelites came near, and Moses commanded them to do everything that the LORD had told him on Mount Sinai.33When Moses had finished speaking with them, he put a veil over his face.34But whenever Moses went in before the LORD to speak with Him, he would remove the veil until he came out. And when he came out, he would tell the Israelites what he had been commanded,35and the Israelites would see that the face of Moses was radiant. So Moses would put the veil back over his face until he went in to speak with the LORD.

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