Bible Glide

Ezekiel 31 Summary, Context, and Full Chapter

Ezekiel 31 uses the image of a towering cedar to describe Assyria and to warn Pharaoh of Egypt. The chapter shows how greatness, strength, and influence can collapse when pride turns a ruler away from God.

What happens in Ezekiel 31?

The LORD tells Ezekiel to speak to Pharaoh and Egypt's people by pointing to Assyria as an example. Assyria is pictured as a majestic cedar that grew tall, drew life from abundant waters, and gave shelter to many nations. Yet because it became proud, God handed it over to destruction by ruthless outsiders. Its fall brought mourning and fear, and it was sent down to the realm of the dead. The chapter ends by applying the warning directly to Pharaoh: despite his glory, he too will be brought low among the slain.

This chapter comes near the end of Ezekiel's messages against Egypt. It follows warnings about Egypt's coming judgment and continues the pattern of using vivid images to show how God humbles arrogant powers. The cedar picture links national pride with the fate of earlier empires.

  • Pride and downfallGreatness turns into ruin when a ruler trusts in his own height instead of God.
  • A fallen empireAssyria becomes a warning sign that even the strongest nation can be cut down.
  • God rules nationsThe chapter shows that God directs the rise and fall of kingdoms according to his purpose.
  • What does the image of the cedar reveal about Assyria's rise and fall?
  • Why does God use Assyria as a warning for Pharaoh and Egypt?
  • What does this chapter teach about pride, power, and God's authority over nations?

Read the full text of Ezekiel 31 below, then open it in the reader to highlight, take notes, or ask follow-up Bible questions. No account is required to read.

Ezekiel 31

Egypt Will Fall like Assyria

1In the eleventh year, on the first day of the third month, the word of the LORD came to me, saying,

2“Son of man, say to Pharaoh king of Egypt and to his multitude:

‘Who can be compared

to your greatness?

3Look at Assyria, a cedar in Lebanon,

with beautiful branches that shaded the forest.

It towered on high;

its top was among the clouds.

4The waters made it grow;

the deep springs made it tall,

directing their streams all around its base

and sending their channels to all the trees of the field.

5Therefore it towered higher

than all the trees of the field.

Its branches multiplied,

and its boughs grew long

as it spread them out

because of the abundant waters.

6All the birds of the air

nested in its branches,

and all the beasts of the field

gave birth beneath its boughs;

all the great nations

lived in its shade.

7It was beautiful in its greatness,

in the length of its limbs,

for its roots extended

to abundant waters.

8The cedars in the garden of God

could not rival it;

the cypresses could not compare with its branches,

nor the plane trees match its boughs.

No tree in the garden of God

could compare with its beauty.

9I made it beautiful with its many branches,

the envy of all the trees of Eden,

which were in the garden of God.’

10Therefore this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘Since it became great in height and set its top among the clouds, and it grew proud on account of its height,11I delivered it into the hand of the ruler of the nations, for him to deal with it according to its wickedness. I have banished it.12Foreigners, the most ruthless of the nations, cut it down and left it. Its branches have fallen on the mountains and in every valley; its boughs lay broken in all the earth’s ravines. And all the peoples of the earth left its shade and abandoned it.13All the birds of the air nested on its fallen trunk, and all the beasts of the field lived among its boughs.14This happened so that no other trees by the waters would become great in height and set their tops among the clouds, and no other well-watered trees would reach them in height. For they have all been consigned to death, to the depths of the earth, among the mortals who descend to the Pit.’

15This is what the Lord GOD says: ‘On the day it was brought down to Sheol, I caused mourning. I covered the deep because of it; I held back its rivers; its abundant waters were restrained. I made Lebanon mourn for it, and all the trees of the field fainted because of it.16I made the nations quake at the sound of its downfall, when I cast it down to Sheol with those who descend to the Pit. Then all the trees of Eden, the choicest and best of Lebanon, all the well-watered trees, were consoled in the earth below.17They too descended with it to Sheol, to those slain by the sword. As its allies they had lived in its shade among the nations.

18Who then is like you in glory and greatness among the trees of Eden? You also will be brought down to the depths of the earth to be with the trees of Eden. You will lie among the uncircumcised, with those slain by the sword. This is Pharaoh and all his multitude, declares the Lord GOD.’”

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